The various methods of mining a coal seam can be classified under two headings, surface mining and underground mining. Backfill plants mine backfill by resources gold technology utilize a medium such as cement or sand to form a product suitable for mine fill. I have often been asked by people outside the mining industry what backfilling is and why it is n. Experimental and analytical studies to achieve an optimised. Classification of underground mining methods mineral production in which all extracting operations are conducted beneath the ground surface is termed underground mining. Assessment of hydraulic backfilling in metal mines within the. Stateoftheart techniques for backfilling abandoned mine voids by jeffrey s. The method has evolved at each mine to meet the unique situations associated with their milling procedure. Backfilling mining is thought to play a significant role in controlling the deformation of coal and rock strata and the distribution of underground pressure. Possibility of application of backfill methods with cementing fill for borska. The predominant and preferred material used for backfill is mine waste tailings often blended with cementitious binders such as portland cement and slagment. When allowed, this method will be used from a point 2 feet above the top of pipe to the original ground line except under state highways, county roads or within city of mobile streets and right ofway.
However, until now, the mix proportioning of ctb has been mainly based on the realization of extensive laboratory tests. Some pits operate at a rate of more than 100,000 tpd. Backfill has been used extensively in hard rock mining but has found limited use in coal mining. Typically, the utility pipe or other equipment in the trench is first covered with an aggregate material, then the flowable fill is placed in the trench directly from the truck, just like regular concrete. Reliability analysis and design of backfill in a cutand. Backfill is increasingly used in underground mines to reduce the surface impact from the wastes produced by the mining operations. Typically, underground mine has less environmental impact. Bms on the deformation of coal and rock strata consisting of multiple goaf during excavation using the backfill mining method. Mar 05, 2014 backfilling in the underground mining industry 1. Underground mining is the process of extracting minerals and ores that are located too far underground to be mined efficiently using surface mining methods. Underhand cut and fill mining as practiced in three deep. The primary objective of underground mining is to extract ore safely and economically while minimizing handling of waste rock. Cut and fill stoping by courtesy of tamrock sandvick copyright. Backfilling techniques and materials in underground excavations.
Backfilling backfilling in underground construction. Sivakugan the mining industry worldwide has typically not conducted the development of mines with the overall design objective of a safe. Sublevel stoping mining methods are generally employed to extract steeply dipping tabular ore deposits characterized by relatively long strikes and having various thicknesses. This equipment was passed on to cms, allowing for global. Gold quartz veins in a hardrock gold mine, stoping and mucking mbmm duration. In order to better understand this mining method, a link to a video has been. Mix proportioning of underground cemented tailings backfill. The three most common types of surface mining are openpit mining, strip mining, and quarrying. The open stoping mining method puts different demands on the paste backfill strength governed by four. Experience in mining in the world indicates that an increasing number applied sublevel mining and open stope mining methods with backfilling the excavated zone with cemented backfill. The study of roadway backfill coal mining technology with waterpreserved in western eco. Implementation of clean mining technology at coal mines is crucial to protect the environment and maintain balance among energy resources, consumption, and ecology.
Cemented backfill mix to be used in a cutfill mining method. Backfilling is one alternative that may find applicability in thinseam coal mining. Generalized solution for mining backfill design article pdf available in international journal of geomechanics 143. Underhand cut and fill mining as practiced in three deep hard. Pdf generalized solution for mining backfill design. Pdf mining industry is a demanding sector for human advancement. Black diamond drilling services australia database. Paste backfill is defined as an engineered mixture of fine solid particles with binder and water, containing between 72% and 85% solids by weight. The future production strategy is based on development of productive and economic mining methods through the application of mechanization and backfilling. Kutec ag salt technologies sondershausen backfilling and pillar remining in potash industry c. The effect of backfilling materials on the deformation of. Backfill can also be done using flowable fill, a cementitious material with a low watercement ratio that is delivered to the job site by a readymix truck. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. The effects of backfilling on ground control and recovery.
Zccm is planning a substantial increase in ore production in several of their underground mines on the zambian copperbelt over the next 10 years. The displacement piling method is an additional way to improve the density of the tunnel backfill. The journal of the south african institute of mining and metallurgy marchapril 2001 97 introduction hydraulic backfilling has become an integral part of many mining operations. Aug 02, 2006 the backfill solution is tailored to the mining method in place such as longhole mining or drift and fill, bradley explains. Reliability analysis and design of backfill in a cutandfill. The underhand cutandfill mining method works well the majority of the time. In addition to the block caving and sublevel method with ore and overburden rocks collapses should be considered and sublevel and open stope mining methods with backfilling the excavated area. There are environmental issues with mining, namely with disturbance of groundwater flow and settlement of the land above and adjacent the mine excavations. I have had personnel experience with all of the following methods of backfilling in the mining industry. This paper presents how paste backfill used in the garpenberg mine has. The shortprocessing tailingstoragefree filtration backfilling method119 x. Soilbentonite sb backfill mixing placement in a slurry trench aka slurry wall using an excavator. The backfill solution is tailored to the mining method in place such as longhole mining or drift and fill, bradley explains.
Walker1 abstract abandoned underground mine openings are susceptible to collapse because of the mining methods used, the character of the overburden, and the typicallylarge, wide entries with minimal roof support. Design procedure for hydraulic backfill distribution systems. When a mine plans to use backfill there are a number of considerations to be made with regards to type of fill, delivery systems and from where the fill will be obtained. Mines need consistent quality and quantity of backfill. Ore is recovered from each sublevel in a planned sequence of primary and secondary stopes with delayed backfill in a manner to create a stress shadow to avoid high stress. Paste backfill is a high density backfill 70% solids depending on sg. Sublevel stoping by courtesy of tamrock sandvick copyright. Backfill practices for sublevel stoping system springerlink. As a general rule, the fines content backfill plants mine backfill by resources gold technology utilize a medium such as cement or sand to form a product suitable for mine fill. Thus, backfilling is one of the most critical tasks for sublevel stoping mining systems with delayed backfill. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about html5. Garpenberg mine 10 years of mining with paste backfill uwa. The mining rate is greater than 20,000 tonnes per day tpd but is usually much greater.
When a mine plans to use backfill there are a number of considerations to be made with regards to type of fill, delivery. Backfill the process of backfilling material into underground voids created by mining is essential in many underground operations. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. For the article on backfill see backfill mining with backfill is a requirement in the industry as it is an important aspect of many mining methods and is a solution to many rock stability issues.
The usage of cemented tailings backfill cemented paste backfill in the underground by mining industry is becoming increasingly important. For most underground mining operations where backfilling is an option, the choice of whether or not to backfill, and if so, what backfilling method is most appropriate, ultimately needs to have a sound economic justification. An improved method to assess the required strength of cemented backfill in underground stopes with an open face. Reliability analysis and design of backfill in a cutandfill mining method jian deng lakehead university, canada abstract in underground mining, hydraulic backfill materials, such as waste tailings, river sand, and cement, are often used to fill underground mined stopes. In this study, a numerical threedimensional fast lagrangian analysis of continua flac 3d model was constructed to. The predominant and preferred material used for backfill is mine waste tailings often blended with cementitious binders such. The mining rate includes the mining of both waste and ore.
Mechanization is designed to provide the production. This article deals with the usage of backfill in underground mine design. However, until now, the mix proportioning of ctb has been mainly based on the realization of extensive laboratory tests on a large number of ctb mixes. Postpillar mining combines the advantages of cutandfill. The piling method was studied in details to find out its usability. The ongoing mining operation covers an area of 200m x 120m, with an open pit which is 60m. Particles in a paste mixture will not settle out of the mixture if allowed to remain stationary in a tank or in a pipeline. Surface and underground coal mining are broad activities that incorporate numerous variations in equipment and methods, and the choice of which method to use in extracting a coal seam depends on many technological, economic, and social factors. Backfilling prevents and minimizes settlement and minimizes the impact on the hydrology i. This study presents a numerical investigation of the influence of the strength of backfilling materials bms on the deformation of coal and rock strata consisting of multiple goaf during excavation using the backfill mining. Assessment of hydraulic backfilling in metal mines within. Implementation of paste backfill mining technology in chinese.
Hydraulic backfill flow behaviour before considering the design of a distribution system, it is important to have a thorough understanding of the backfill flow behaviour. Implementation of paste backfill mining technology in. Underground mining methods study guide by fransterz includes 16 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Typically mining backfill is a final treatment stage and takes place immediately after dewatering. The slump of paste backfills is approximately in the 710 inch range. Stateoftheart techniques for backfilling abandoned mine. The most suitable conditions and justification for the economical use of backfilling mining methods with cementing fill are in large deposits milicevic, 2011. This study presents a numerical investigation of the influence of the strength of backfilling materials bms on the deformation of coal and rock strata consisting of multiple goaf during excavation using the backfill mining method.
Dear colleagues, backfilling of minedout areas is a fundamental component of many underground mining operations. The ability of backfill to provide additional ground support may enhance coal recovery by allowing for the design of undersized pillars. Due to the demands caused by deeper mining operations, mine backfill is becoming an integral part of an efficient mining operation. The backfill is done by sections of a maximum length of 61 m 200 ft in the following sequence. Underground mining methods are usually employed when the depth of the deposit andor the waste to ore ratio stripping ratio are.
In cutandfill mining methods with blasthole stoping and delayed. Backfilling in the underground mining industry slideshare. The generalized sequence of development utilizing this mining method are as follows. Feb 10, 2018 black diamond drilling services australia database. Sublevel stoping mining methods are very popular in canadian metal mines since they enable maximum ore recovery due to pillarless mining. Surface and underground coal mining are broad activities that incorporate numerous variations in equipment and methods, and the choice of which method to use in extracting a coal seam depends on. A schematic of the multislice cutandfill mining method is depicted in figure 5, with respect to this method. I have often been asked by people outside the mining industry what backfilling is and why it is necessary to the industry. Mining with backfill is a requirement in the industry as it is an important aspect of many mining methods and is a solution to many rock stability issues. Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available.
Open pit mining mining methods 5 open pit mines are used to exploit low grade, shallow ore bodies. Backfill can comprise combinations of diverse materials such as total tailings, classified tailings, crushed waste rock, gravel and sand. Lavender pit the lavender pit, a former openpit copper mine, bisbee, ariz. Stateoftheart techniques for backfilling abandoned mine voids. The reference structure with the ideal target density costs about 2510 metre. The mining equipment subsidiary company continuous mining system cms was developed in 1984, through incos push to expand vcr as a mining method. Sivakugan the mining industry worldwide has typically not conducted the development of mines. Underhand cut and fill mining methods are used at the lucky friday, stillwater, and galena mines in the western us in an effort to safely mine in difficult ground conditions and as a primary mining method where access below the ore is limited. What is an explanation of backfilling in underground mining. Mining in minnesota cut and fill mining method 3d animation. Compaction methods of the tunnel backfill material customer, contact person, address order reference. In order to pump material at this density, a component of fines is required. The differences in underground mines dewatering with the.
Strength and elastic properties of paste backfill at the. Both backfill and sandfill increase the support capa bility of the pillar, permitting a higher rate of ore recovery than does classic roomandpillar mining. Surface mining, method of extracting minerals near the surface of the earth. Even decisions regarding health, safety and environmental issues have a fundamental economic basis. The backfill material provides support to the surrounding rock mass, reduces wasteful dilution, enables a safe working area for production activities and mitigates the risk of surface subsidence. The selection of the type of backfill is a substantial component of backfill design at preliminary stage of mining production.
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